Season the chicken breasts with salt and pepper, then cook in a skillet over medium heat until golden brown and cooked through, about 6-8 minutes per side. Remove from heat and shred the chicken with two forks.
In a large pot, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add the diced onion and cook until translucent and fragrant, about 5 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Stir in the minced garlic and cumin, cooking until the garlic is fragrant, about 30 seconds. The mixture should smell warm and aromatic.
Add the shredded chicken, chicken broth, drained white beans, and corn to the pot. Bring the mixture to a gentle simmer, about 10 minutes, allowing flavors to meld and the soup to thicken slightly.
Stir in lime juice and adjust seasoning with salt and pepper as needed. Continue simmering for another 2-3 minutes to incorporate the bright, tangy flavor.
Check the seasoning, then ladle the creamy, white chili into bowls. Serve hot, garnished with fresh cilantro or a squeeze of more lime if desired.